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The text provides unique information on behavior, distribution and biological effects of natural gas in the marine environment. Most of the studies have been conducted by Russian scientists and never have been available to the English-speaking readers before. Composition, sources and input volumes of gas hydrocarbons in the sea are discussed. Summarized data on concentrations and distribution of methane in the World Ocean are provided. Methane impacts on water organisms and communities are analyzed based on field and laboratory studies. Effects on fish, plankton and benthic organisms during an accidental gas blowout or gas leak in the sea are examined. Toxic effects of gas condensate and gas hydrates on marine organisms are also described. Includes all original charts, tables, graphics and diagrams from the book, as well as conclusions and list of references. PDF file. $37.00

Chapter 5. Biogeochemical and ecotoxicological characteristics of natural gas in the marine environment (US$37).

5.1. Sources, composition, and biogeochemistry of natural combustible gas in the biosphere
5.2. Concentrations and distribution of methane and its homologues in the World Ocean
5.3. Methane impact on water organisms and communities:

5.3.1. General outline and mechanisms of biological response
5.3.2. Field and laboratory studies

5.4. Toxicological characteristics of gas condensate and gas hydrates
5.5. Levels, thresholds, and zones of biological effects
Conclusions
References

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